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Mars lacks a global dipole magnetic field like Earth. As a result, the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) directly interact with its upper atmosphere, generating an induced magnetosphere and driving ion escape from the red planet. As a key atmospheric loss process, understanding ion escape is essential for studies of atmospheric evolution and the long-term climate history of Mars.
Einstein’s relationships between absorption and emission line spectra in vacuum[1] have a conflict between infinitely narrow lines, a finite spontaneous emission rate, and the time-energy uncertainty principle.
Join CU Wizards Professors Eleanor Hodby and Steven Pollock, along with Gwen Eccles, as they dive into the fascinating world of light, color and color perception - where physics and biology meet!
Mineralogy as a discipline has established the principles of crystal structure, symmetry, and chemistry that dictate all of modern material science underlying everything from computers to photonic technologies operating based on quantum mechanical principles. However, nature itself also acts a laboratory assembling naturally occurring minerals that exhibit even exotic quantum phenomena. I will discuss examples such as natural superconductors, strange metals, or spin liquids which result from the interplay of the quantized nature of electrons, spin, and lattice.
The remarkable precision of optical atomic clocks enables new applications and can provide sensitivity to novel and exotic physics. In this talk I will explain the motivation and operating principles of a “multiplexed" strontium optical lattice clock, which consists of two or more atomic ensembles of trapped, ultra-cold strontium in one vacuum chamber. This miniature clock network enables us to bypass the primary limitations to standard comparisons between atomic clocks and thereby achieve new levels of precision.
The promise of universal quantum computing hinges on scalable single- and inter-qubit control interactions. Photon systems offer strong isolation from environmental disturbances and provide speed and timing advantages while facing challenges in achieving deterministic photon-photon interactions necessary for scalable universal quantum computing.
Surfaces and interfaces play a crucial role in chemical and physical phenomena, such as heterogeneous catalysis and reactions. At the surface or interface of water, the hydrogen-bonded network is abruptly interrupted, giving rise to fascinating interfacial properties. These specific properties are the driving forces for many biochemical, environmental and geochemical processes.
The evolutionary history, and likely habitability, of exoplanet atmospheres depends on the space weather of their host stars. Understanding the particle environment, including the wind density, magnetic field strength, and velocity field, impinging on exoplanet systems remains a significant open question. This unknown impacts the interpretation of exoplanet atmosphere observations and the ongoing search for biosignatures, with facilities like JWST.
For the overwhelming majority of organisms, effective communication and coordination are critical in the quest to survive and reproduce. A better understanding of these processes can benefit from physics, mathematics, and computer science – via the application of concepts like energetic cost, compression (minimization of bits to represent information), and detectability (high signal-to-noise-ratio). My lab's goal is to formulate and test phenomenological theories about natural signal design principles and their emergent spatiotemporal patterns.
Almost exactly 100 years ago, in the early months of 1926, Erwin Schrödinger published a series of four papers that would transform not only the prevailing theories of physics but also mankind’s very understanding of the nature of reality.
I will discuss the standards of time and frequency and how these standards have evolved over the centuries. I will present the current definitions of time and frequency and how these definitions are likely to evolve in the coming years.