The dynamics of Earth’s radiation belts remain one of the central challenges in space weather research. Despite decades of satellite observations, predicting when and how the belts will intensify or decay remains difficult. This seminar will discuss recent work combining multi-mission datasets from 36 multi-agency satellites to produce the highest-resolution phase space density (PSD) observations of the outer belt to date, and how these have been used to identify dominant acceleration and loss mechanisms. New developments in data-assimilative modelling through the Radiation Belt Forecasting Model and Framework (RBFMF) will also be discussed, including how diminishing real-time data coverage affects operational hindcasts. The results highlight the need for continuous, strategically placed measurements through the heart of the radiation belts and improved understanding of which orbital configurations most effectively enhance prediction capability.
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