Solar irradiance variability models supplement the measurement record by extrapolating the observations to broader spectral range and longer time periods than directly observed. Version 1 of the NASA-NOAA-LASP (NNL) solar irradiance variability models are observation-based models that prescribe change in TSI and SSI based on change in solar magnetic activity features called faculae, that enhance solar irradiance at most wavelengths, and sunspots that reduce solar irradiance.
In this presentation, I provide the observational advances that have informed the new and enhanced capabilities of the NNL models. Special focus is placed on solar irradiance observations made by the Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS-1) and other LASP developments, a sunspot darkening index derived from National Solar Observatory (NSO) Global Observing Oscillation Network (GONG) white light images, and a facular brightening index from Magnesium II (Mg II) core-to-wing measurements by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) and other satellite instruments. Throughout the presentation, I showcase where new or continued observations, analysis methods, and research studies can further improve the specification of solar irradiance variability.