Abstract: Flares are frequent energetic explosions in the stellar atmosphere, and are thought to occur by impulsive releases of magnetic energy stored around starspots. Large flares (so called “superflares”) generate strong high energy X-ray and ultraviolet emissions and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which can greatly affect the planetary environment and habitability. Recent Kepler/TESS photometric data have revealed the statistical properties of superflares on G, K, and M-type stars. Young rapidly-rotating stars (e.g., “Young Suns”) and cooler stars (“M dwarfs”) tend to have frequent flares, which can be more hazardous for the habitable planets. However, we still do not know the emission mechanisms of superflares, and how large CMEs are associated with superflares on these active stars. Recently, these active flare stars have been investigated in more detail through multi-wavelength campaign observations. In particular, we have worked on observing campaigns of young G-dwarfs (young Sun analogs) and M-dwarfs, and have reported candidates of stellar filament/prominence eruptions, probably leading to CMEs, as a blue-shifted absorption/emission of chromospheric lines associated with stellar flares. Notably, the erupted masses for superflares are larger than those of the largest solar CMEs, indicating severe influence on various planets including exoplanets and young Earth/Mars.
In this presentation, I will overview our recent observation results of flares and stellar CME candidates described in the above, and also discuss future prospects on further multi-wavelength observations including future LASP Astrophysics missions, and the importance of more collaborations with solar-based observation/modeling studies.
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The Space Weather Operational Readiness Development (SWORD) Center is a new international, multi-disciplinary focal point where space weather researchers, operational forecasters, industry partners, and the space weather community will collaborate on transformative research to improve forecasts and nowcasts of the orbital and cis-lunar space environment. SWORD is led by Tom Berger out of CU’s Space Weather Technology, Research, and Education Center (SWx TREC) with major contributions from LASP Co-Investigators. SWORD research will focus on coupling the UMich Geospace model, part of the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF), with the CU Whole Atmosphere Model with Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics (WAM-IPE), both of which are currently operational at the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC). In addition, SWORD will develop new data assimilation systems, based on the NOAA JEDI framework, for both the operational WAM-IPE model and the NCAR Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model – Extended (WACCM-X) research model. SWORD research will include advanced physics-informed machine learning research to enhance computational efficiency as well as cloud-based model development and deployment systems to accelerate the transition to operations at NOAA. SWORD consists of research teams from the University of Colorado (CU) Boulder, the University of Michigan (UMich) Ann Arbor, NCAR’s High Altitude Observatory, the University of Alaska, and the University of Iowa, in partnership with Amazon Web Services, SpaceX, LeoLabs, GeoOptics, and Muon Space. In addition to close coordination with NOAA/SWPC through the NOAA Technical Transition Representative (TTR), SWORD will leverage international partnerships with the UK Met Office Space Weather Operations Center and Marty Snow of the South African Space Agency Space Weather Forecasting Office to expand the reach of NASA space weather research. SWORD public outreach and educational development efforts will be coordinated through the University of Alaska Space Weather UnderGround (SWUG) program.
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