Tyler McMaken

Tyler McMaken

Astrophysicist · Musician · Educator

Time loop films

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groundhog_plot_1.gif

The plot above is a compilation of the class of movies that feature time loops. Hover over each point with your cursor to see which movie corresponds to which point.

Each movie is plotted by the number of times a character experiences the same period of time (x-axis) and the maximum duration of each time loop (y-axis). Often the number of loops shown on-screen is not the same as how many loops a character experiences as implied by the storyline; for example, Groundhog Day (1993) is at the far right side of the graph with 12,395 implied loops even though only 38 of these loops are shown on-screen.

The size of each point corresponds to that movie's score on Rotten Tomatoes, which roughly matches my own personal rating of each movie. But note that there are exceptions—for example, while The Fare (2018) does explore an interesting variation of the time loop concept, I certainly don't think it deserves a 100% rating, while I believe other movies like Maanaadu (2021) and Mondays: See You "This" Week (2022) deserve more credit than they are given.

Here's the data of all the movies shown in the plot above, plus some extra information, such as how many characters experience the time loop (NOTE: Spoilers abound! Some day I'll put it in a spoiler-friendly form, but that day has not yet come.):
time_loop_data.xlsx

Finally, a few clarifying remarks are in order concerning what qualifies as a time loop movie. For now I've only included feature-length films that have a duration of more than 25 minutes. These movies can be box office hits or made-for-TV films, or anything in between. But what is a time loop? Unfortunately, "time loop" may not be the best name, since the truest physics sense of the term would imply a continuous causal path that has neither a beginning nor an end, like is found in the films Looper (2012) or Predestination (2014). In contrast, the movies plotted above involve repeated mental time travel—a character's mind is transported back in time again and again to a past version of their body (in parallel universes, if you like to think about it that way). Thus, if a movie features characters interacting with other versions of themselves or shows identical versions of an object piling up in the same spot (such as the excellent, complex loop-like movies Triangle (2009) or Primer (2004)), it would be classified as repeated physical time travel and is not considered here.

If there are any movies you think I may be missing, or if you notice any egregious errors, feel free to send me an email to let me know!


Last updated: 2 Feb 2024