JILA Auditorium

The power of quantum information lies in its capacity to be nonlocal, encoded in correlations among entangled particles.  By contrast, the interactions between particles are typically local, posing both conceptual and practical challenges in understanding, generating, and harnessing entanglement.  To circumvent this bottleneck, we trap an array of atom clouds in an optical resonator that mediates effectively nonlocal interactions, letting photons act as messengers that convey information between distant sites.

Following in the tradition of other NASA missions like Hubble and the James Webb Space Telescope, the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) is a future NASA FUV-NIR flagship that will revolutionize multiple areas of astrophysics. A challenging next frontier of astronomy and planetary science is to directly image temperate Earth-sized in planets in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars, measure their spectra, and search them for signs of life. HWO will be the first observatory designed to tackle the question “Are we alone?”.

Spin glasses are canonical examples of complex matter and form a basis for describing artificial neural networks.  Repeatable control over microscopic degrees of freedom might open a new window into their structure and dynamics.  I will present how we achieved this at the atomic level using a quantum-optical system comprised of ultracold gases of atoms coupled via photons resonating within multimode cavities.

Abstract: Effective field theories (EFTs) form the basis of our most successful theories of matter, both in particle physics and in condensed matter physics. But the structure of EFTs poses a challenge to many standard philosophical accounts of theory structure and content. In particular, the inability to cast EFTs in terms of exact mathematical objects defined at all scales suggests that philosophical accounts of theory interpretation ought to be modified to deal with approximate, scale-relative ontologies.

Abstract: Low energy collisions between molecules in the atmosphere lead to about 50% of the particles that act as the seeds for cloud droplets. Many of these molecules, and many of the other particles, are the result of human activity. Therefore cloud droplet concentrations have increased over the industrial period. The increase has led to a poorly quantified cooling effect on Earth that has offset perhaps a third of historical warming from greenhouse gases. The CLOUD experiment at CERN is a laboratory facility for the study of atmospheric particle formation.

Abstract: The mineralogy of our planet is a fingerprint of history—a durable archive of the physical and chemical conditions that have evolved over 4.5 billion years. Minerals record temperatures and pressures, redox states and fluid compositions, preserving evidence that spans the earliest violent collisions of solar-system formation to human activities that occurred only yesterday. Yet Earth’s mineral story reaches far deeper in time, extending back to the very origins of the elements themselves.

Nuclear spins are usually not thought to participate in chemical reactions. However, in the ultracold temperature regime, we have a new opportunity to examine this general statement with quantum mechanical details. In this talk, I will present our ongoing investigations into the roles of nuclear spins, quantum coherence, and entanglement in molecule-molecule reactions and atom-molecule collisions, utilizing a one-of-a-kind ultracold KRb molecule apparatus inspired from the original set of JILA KRb experiments 17 years ago.

Synchronization—the spontaneous emergence of phase coherence among interacting oscillators—is a ubiquitous phenomenon in classical systems, from pendulum clocks to biological rhythms. In quantum systems, however, coherence is fragile, and environmental noise is usually viewed as its primary adversary. This colloquium explores a counterintuitive regime in which noise itself becomes a resource, driving rather than destroying coherent behavior.

The interaction of the electronic spin and molecular vibrations mediated by spin-orbit coupling governs spin relaxation in molecular qubits. We derive a dynamic molecular spin Hamiltonian that includes both adiabatic and non-adiabatic spin-dependent interactions, and we implement the computation of its matrix elements using density functional theory. The dynamic molecular spin Hamiltonian contains a novel spin-vibronic interaction with non-adiabatic origin in addition to the conventional molecular Zeeman and dipolar spin interactions with adiabatic origin.